7BM Hutch Configuration/Connections

Using our fuel system:

• System is based on a Bosch Generation 1 system and is capable of delivering 1350 bar rail pressure.
• Bosch Gen2 system also available, up to 1600 bar rail pressure.
• Alternative fuels can be accomodated: biodiesel, oils, alcohols.
  
• Injector driver is programmable to give up to three pulses, each with an initial “breaking” current and subsequent “holding” current, for up to three pulses.  The pulse lengths and dwell between injections is completely flexible.  (Limits on total duration?)  Users will need to provide an appropriate electrical connector to the injector.
• Our standard procedure is to record the injector driver signal along with the x-ray data using an inductive clamp-type meter.  This meter can only operate if it is clamped around only one of the wires leading to the injector.  Please ensure that at least 3” of one of the wires leading to the injector is separated from the other wire so that the clamp-type meter can be used.

User-Provided Fuel System

• Space inside the experiment station is extremely limited, therefore equipment must be compact. Any fuel system must fit in a space no larger than 32” L x 22” W x 60” H. It must also be on a wheeled cart so that it can easily be transported in and out of the station.
  
• If users intend to use their own injector driver, be aware that good repeatability of the injector driver is essential to obtaining high-quality data from the measurements. 
• In order to time the data acquisition to the x-ray pulses delivered by the APS, the injector driver and data acquisition system are triggered externally using a delay generator triggered from a signal provided by the APS.  It is by far preferable that the injector driver be capable of being externally triggered with a TTL signal.  If external triggering is not feasible, measurements can still be performed, but at the cost of an additional ±1.8 μs uncertainty in the injection timing, which causes additional smearing of the data.
• Electrical service in the hutch includes:

• 110 VAC, 60Hz, 20 A  USA standard
• 110/208V 3-phase, 20A Hubbell Twist-lock outlet
• 480 V, 60 A, three-phase, 5 wires (three phases, neutral, and ground)

• If you require a different electrical service, please inform us well before your planned visit.  Work to install an electrical service requires a significant lead time.
• Argonne requires that all electrical equipment at > 50 V potential used on-site either be listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (such as UL) or pass an Argonne inspection.  Please be aware before arriving at Argonne if there is any equipment (such as custom-built electrical or electronic equipment) that will require an inspection soit can be scheduled in advance.
• Chilled water is available to cool your system.  Our fuel system uses two 15-foot long hoses rated to 2600 psi.  We use a hydraulic quick-connect coupler (Parker BH4-61 and BH4-60), with the male ends on the water hoses to/from the fuel system.  The chilled water supply runs at a relatively high pressure on both the supply and return sides.  Ensure that your fuel cooler and hoses are rated to at least ??? psi. The chilled water is also quite dirty.
  
• The hutch is an enclosed space during the measurements.  As such, if your fuel supply system produces a great deal of heat, it is difficult for this heat to escape the hutch, and the internal temperature in the hutch will rise.  This can interfere with certain aspects of the measurements and should be avoided.  Our current fuel systems use a 5 HP motor to drive the high-pressure pump.  If your fuel system uses a substantially larger pump or maintains large fluid reservoirs at elevated temperature, heating inside the hutch may become problematic.Please be aware of this when designing your fuel system.

User-Provided Spray Chamber

• If you intend to use your own chamber for the experiments, please contact us before you design your chamber.  There are several technical aspects of  chamber design that are critical to having the chamber work properly for the experiments. In addition, Argonne requires that any pressure vessel must comply with nationally recognized standards.  In the US this is typically ASME but other certifications may be acceptable. Documentation of these certifications is required.
  
• In these measurements, the spray chamber is translated to change the measurement position.  Thus, either the rail must be connected to the injector using a flexible line or the rail must be mounted such that it moves with the injector, with a flexible line feeding fuel to the rail.
• Purge gas is supplied to and drained from the chamber using flexible stainless steel lines with Parker CPI -4 compression nuts.  Adapters are available from Parker for many common port types to CPI.

Fuels

• The standard fuel used in these experiments is a diesel calibration fluid (we use Viscor 1487) with a cerium additive to improve x-ray contrast.  The physical properties of the fuel are within the #2 diesel specification. 
• If you wish to use your own fuels for your experiments, please be aware that our supply of cerium additive is limited.  As such, please minimize the amount of fuel needed to run your fuel system. 
• All of the fuels used in these experiments are recycled to minimize chemical waste and to preserve the supply of the cerium additive (if used).  If you plan to test several different fuels during the experiment, please ensure that your fuel supply system (if provided by the user) can be drained completely and quickly.  Also, ensure that enough extra fuel is provided to allow the spray chamber and fuel system to be flushed to ensure fuel purity.
• Be aware that, while the cerium additive dissolves quite well in conventional diesel fuel, it may not dissolve in other fuels.  It may be prudent to test the solubility of the additive in your fuel before you arrive on-site. 
• Measurements can be made without a fuel additive.  However, the absorption of most fuels to x-rays is quite weak.  If such measurements are desired, significant compromises in ambient density or measurement speed will be needed.